![]() Explain How Residential Wimax Is Installed In CounterWiMAX has hit technology news in a big way. This networking system can blanket a 30-mile radius with broadband access. Learn all about WiMAX. Fiber To The Home Architectures New network architectures have been developed to reduce the cost of installing high bandwidth services to the home, often lumped into. The term broadband commonly refers to high-speed Internet access that is always on and faster than the traditional dial-up access. Broadband includes several high. Wi- Fi - Wikipedia"Wireless Internet" redirects here. For mobile wireless Internet, see Mobile broadband. Wi- Fi or Wi. Fi (/ˈwaɪfaɪ/) is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 8. Wi- Fi is a trademark of the Wi- Fi Alliance, which restricts the use of the term Wi- Fi Certified to products that successfully complete interoperability certification testing.[1]Devices that can use Wi- Fi technology include personal computers, video- game consoles, phones and tablets, digital cameras, smart TVs, digital audio players and modern printers. Wi- Fi compatible devices can connect to the Internet via a WLAN and a wireless access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 2. Hotspot coverage can be as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as many square kilometres achieved by using multiple overlapping access points. Depiction of a device sending information wirelessly to another device, both connected to the local network, in order to print a document. Wi- Fi most commonly uses the 2. UHF and 5 gigahertz (6 cm) SHFISM radio bands. Having no physical connections, it is more vulnerable to attack than wired connections, such as Ethernet. History[edit]In 1. ALOHAnet connected the Hawaiian Islands with a UHF wireless packet network. ALOHAnet and the ALOHA protocol were early forerunners to Ethernet, and later the IEEE 8. A 1. 98. 5 ruling by the U. S. Federal Communications Commission released the ISM band for unlicensed use.[2] These frequency bands are the same ones used by equipment such as microwave ovens and are subject to interference. In 1. 99. 1, NCR Corporation with AT& T Corporation invented the precursor to 8. Wave. LAN. The Australian radio- astronomer Dr John O'Sullivan with his colleagues Terence Percival, Graham Daniels, Diet Ostry, John Deane[3] developed a key patent used in Wi- Fi as a by- product of a Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) research project, "a failed experiment to detect exploding mini black holes the size of an atomic particle".[4] Dr O'Sullivan and his colleagues are credited with inventing Wi- Fi. In 1. 99. 2 and 1. CSIRO obtained patents[7] for a method later used in Wi- Fi to "unsmear" the signal.[8]The first version of the 8. Mbit/s link speeds. This was updated in 1. Mbit/s link speeds, and this proved to be popular. In 1. 99. 9, the Wi- Fi Alliance formed as a trade association to hold the Wi- Fi trademark under which most products are sold.[9]Wi- Fi uses a large number of patents held by many different organizations.[1. In April 2. 00. 9, 1. CSIRO $1 billion for infringements on CSIRO patents.[1. This led to Australia labeling Wi- Fi as an Australian invention,[1. CSIRO won a further $2. Wi- Fi patent- infringements in 2. United States required to pay the CSIRO licensing rights estimated to be worth an additional $1 billion in royalties.[1. In 2. 01. 6, the wireless local area network Test Bed was chosen as Australia's contribution to the exhibition A History of the World in 1. Objects held in the National Museum of Australia.[1. Etymology[edit]The name Wi- Fi, commercially used at least as early as August 1. Interbrand. The Wi- Fi Alliance had hired Interbrand to create a name that was "a little catchier than 'IEEE 8. Direct Sequence.'"[1. Phil Belanger, a founding member of the Wi- Fi Alliance who presided over the selection of the name "Wi- Fi," has stated that Interbrand invented Wi- Fi as a pun upon the word hi- fi.[2. Interbrand also created the Wi- Fi logo. The yin- yang Wi- Fi logo indicates the certification of a product for interoperability.[2. The Wi- Fi Alliance used the nonsense advertising slogan "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity" for a short time after the brand name was created.[1. The name was however never officially "Wireless Fidelity".[2. Nevertheless, the Wi- Fi Alliance was also called the "Wireless Fidelity Alliance Inc" in some publications[2. IEEE's own website has stated "Wi. Fi is a short name for Wireless Fidelity".[2. Non- Wi- Fi technologies intended for fixed points, such as Motorola Canopy, are usually described as fixed wireless. Alternative wireless technologies include mobile phone standards, such as 2. G, 3. G, 4. G, and LTE. The name is sometimes written as Wi. Fi, Wifi, or wifi, but these are not approved by the Wi- Fi Alliance. Wi- Fi ad- hoc mode[edit]Wi- Fi nodes operating in ad- hoc mode refers to devices talking directly to each other without the need to first talk to an access point (also known as base station). Ad- hoc mode was first invented and realized by Chai K. Toh in his 1. 99. Wi- Fi ad- hoc routing, implemented on Lucent Wave. LAN 8. 02. 1. 1a wireless on IBM Think. Pads over a size nodes scenario spanning a region of over a mile. The success was recorded in Mobile Computing magazine (1. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2. Wi- Fi certification[edit]The IEEE does not test equipment for compliance with their standards. The non- profit Wi- Fi Alliance was formed in 1. As of 2. 01. 0[update], the Wi- Fi Alliance consisted of more than 3. The Wi- Fi Alliance enforces the use of the Wi- Fi brand to technologies based on the IEEE 8. IEEE. This includes wireless local area network (WLAN) connections, device to device connectivity (such as Wi- Fi Peer to Peer aka Wi- Fi Direct), Personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN) and even some limited wide area network (WAN) connections. Manufacturers with membership in the Wi- Fi Alliance, whose products pass the certification process, gain the right to mark those products with the Wi- Fi logo. Specifically, the certification process requires conformance to the IEEE 8. WPA and WPA2 security standards, and the EAP authentication standard. Certification may optionally include tests of IEEE 8. Not every Wi- Fi device is submitted for certification. The lack of Wi- Fi certification does not necessarily imply that a device is incompatible with other Wi- Fi devices.[3. The Wi- Fi Alliance may or may not sanction derivative terms, such as Super Wi- Fi,[3. US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to describe proposed networking in the UHF TV band in the US.[3. IEEE 8. 02. 1. 1 standard[edit]. This Netgear Wi- Fi router contains dual bands for transmitting the 8. GHz spectrums. The IEEE 8. MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communication in the 2. GHz frequency bands. They are created and maintained by the IEEELAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 8. The base version of the standard was released in 1. The standard and amendments provide the basis for wireless network products using the Wi- Fi brand. While each amendment is officially revoked when it is incorporated in the latest version of the standard, the corporate world tends to market to the revisions because they concisely denote capabilities of their products.[3. As a result, in the market place, each revision tends to become its own standard. A wifi connection established using adapter to create hotspot area [3. A Japanese sticker indicating to the public that a location is within range of a Wi- Fi network. A dot with curved lines radiating from it is a common symbol for Wi- Fi, representing a point transmitting a signal.[3. To connect to a Wi- Fi LAN, a computer has to be equipped with a wireless network interface controller. The combination of computer and interface controller is called a station. For all stations that share a single radio frequency communication channel, transmissions on this channel are received by all stations within range.[3. The transmission is not guaranteed to be delivered and is therefore a best- effort delivery mechanism. A carrier wave is used to transmit the data. The data is organised in packets on an Ethernet link, referred to as "Ethernet frames".[3. Internet access[edit]Wi- Fi technology may be used to provide Internet access to devices that are within the range of a wireless network that is connected to the Internet. The coverage of one or more interconnected access points (hotspots) can extend from an area as small as a few rooms to as large as many square kilometres. Coverage in the larger area may require a group of access points with overlapping coverage. For example, public outdoor Wi- Fi technology has been used successfully in wireless mesh networks in London, UK. An international example is Fon.
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